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As early as glucagon was shown to increase energy expenditur
2022-05-04
As early as 1957, glucagon was shown to increase Okadaic acid expenditure in rodents in both pair-feeding studies and through directly increasing oxygen consumption [23], [24]. This has more recently been confirmed in man, through indirect calorimetry during glucagon infusions [25], [26], [27]. Thi
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Two pathways have emerged to explain the
2022-05-04
Two pathways have emerged to explain the beneficial metabolic effect of Roux-en-Y bypass [Fig. 3]. Firstly, the rapid delivery of nutrients to the distal small intestine and bowel might up-regulate secretion of a physiological stimulus that improves glucose homeostasis. As such, GLP-1 represents an
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This profound cell type specificity of
2022-04-29
This profound cell-type specificity of G9a/GLP complex modulation of neuronal plasticity is accentuated by studies employing genetic ablation of G9a in dopamine 1 receptor (Drd1)- and dopamine 2 receptor (Drd2)-expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Conditional G9a kn
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The electroconductive or electrocatalytic properties of
2022-04-29
The electroconductive or electrocatalytic properties of conductive moieties including polymers in combination with carbon or metal-based nanomaterials have also been explored. For example, Dong et al. (2017) developed a portable electrochemical immunosensor by creating a film of Prussian blue chitos
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YAP TAZ nuclear function is
2022-04-29
YAP/TAZ nuclear function is also influenced by interaction with the TEAD family of transcription factors [96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101]. The RAC1 Cucurbitacin I exchange factor protein TIAM1 has recently been linked to YAP/TAZ regulation in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Nuclear TIAM1 inhibits YAP/TAZ bindi
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In addition to the importance of heme as
2022-04-29
In addition to the importance of heme as an enzymatic cofactor, heme also acts as an important iron source. In order to access the iron within heme, S. aureus encodes heme degrading enzymes known as heme oxygenases (Skaar et al., 2004b; Wu et al., 2005). The two heme oxygenases encoded by S. aureus,
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The inhibitory activities against HDAC and HDAC of
2022-04-29
The inhibitory activities against HDAC1 and HDAC6 of title compounds were evaluated in a fluorescent assay using SAHA and ACY-1215 as positive control. The results were displayed in A. Compounds – with linker containing 5–7 carbons showed good inhibitory activities against HDAC6. They also displayed
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The Rab to Rab switch
2022-04-29
The Rab5 to Rab7 switch on endosomes co-occurs with the release of the Rab5 GEF Rabex5 from endosomes, which prevents further Rab5 activation [5]. In addition, the Rab5 GAP is recruited to inactivate remaining Rab5 [67]. Recent data suggest that another GAP, TBC1D5, which binds the retromer complex,
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These and other observations presented
2022-04-29
These and other observations presented in the elegant, rigorous study by Thomas et al. (2018) clarify a puzzling enigma regarding the Rab specificities of yeast TRAPP complexes and further highlight an important though under-appreciated role for the C-terminal HVD of Rabs in GEF substrate selection.
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion
2022-04-29
Materials and methods Results Discussion GSK-3 overexpression diminishes neurogenesis (Fuster-Matanzo et al., 2013, Kondratiuk et al., 2013, Sirerol-Piquer et al., 2011), while the inhibition of GSK-3 with lithium or valproate enhances neurogenesis, as measured by cell proliferation, the nu
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Even though for almost years GnRH
2022-04-26
Even though for almost 30 years GnRH was considered the main neuropeptide regulating gonadotropin release in vertebrates, Tsutsui et al. (2000) discovered, in the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica, a hypothalamic neuropeptide that directly inhibits gonadotropin release, and thus named as gonadotropi
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In this study we find that DH
2022-04-26
In this study, we find that DH-CBD induces analgesic effects on inflammatory but not acute pain and the I-BET 151 hydrochloride level of spinal α1 GlyRs increased after CFA paw injection. These results suggest that GlyR α1 is only involved in chronic pain. A possible explanation is that once the exp
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br Clinical trials testing GLP
2022-04-25
Clinical trials testing GLP-1 mimetics in AD or PD patients GIP analogues show good neuroprotective effects in animal models of AD and PD Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a 42-amino Ki16198 incretin growth factor which activates pancreatic islets to enhance insulin secret
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lorlatinib GSIs were shown to effectively decrease A levels
2022-04-25
GSIs were shown to effectively decrease Aβ levels at doses close to or higher than their IC50 values in cell culture models. Surprisingly, they also slightly increase Aβ levels at low doses, (significantly below the IC50) also known as “Aβ rise”, due to various mechanisms including inhibition of cel
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Current studies have identified five orphan G protein couple
2022-04-25
Current studies have identified five orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that can be activated by free fatty acids (FFAs), GPR40, GPR41, GPR43, GPR84, and GPR120. Short-chain fatty acids (FAs) are specific agonists of GPR41 and GPR43 [21] and middle-chain FAs agonize GPR84 [22]. Long-chain FAs
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