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br Introduction Lipoxygenases LOXs are a heterogeneous
2023-05-30
Introduction Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a heterogeneous family of enzymes that catalyze the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). By oxidizing free PUFAs, they were shown to contribute to the generation of various bioactive lipid mediators. However, LOX-mediated oxidation of PUFAs es
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PD research involves the use
2023-05-30
PD research involves the use of many animal models, which can be categorized into two main types: toxic models—among which the two most widely used are the classical 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model in rats and the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model in mice and monkeys—and gen
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction The angiogenic ocular
2023-05-29
Acknowledgements Introduction The angiogenic ocular conditions represent the most common cause of blindness in developed countries [1]. It can affect all ages, for example, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants [2], [3], diabetic retinopathy (DR) [4] in working age adults and age-related
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Structural and functional imaging studies searching for spec
2023-05-29
Structural and functional imaging studies searching for specific cortical areas related to each cognitive function domain have provided clues to the spreading patterns of cognitive dysfunction (Domoto-Reilly et al., 2012, Firbank et al., 2016, Li et al., 2012, Machulda et al., 2003, Mandal et al., 2
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In this study Rb increased the phosphorylation of p MAPK
2023-05-29
In this study, Rb1 increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Akt and macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria in mouse lung cells, consistent with the in vitro results. A recent study showed that Rb1 diminished the severity of lung injury in rats exposed to LPS. Rb1 inhibited the LPS-induced increas
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The obtained results indicate that even
2023-05-29
The obtained results indicate that even when the impairment of the same forms of memory are present, amnesia can develop in different ways. Impairment of memory reconsolidation in the conditioned food aversion model through both the serotonin receptor antagonist and the antagonist of NMDA glutamate
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Many metalloenzyme inhibitors consist of two chemical compon
2023-05-29
Many metalloenzyme inhibitors consist of two chemical components: the MBG, the portion of the inhibitor designed to bind to the metal, and the scaffold, the portion of the inhibitor recognized by the amino 1-Oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid sodium salt residues that form the substrate-binding site of t
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Receptors containing an x y
2023-05-29
Receptors containing an αx/γy subunit interface, where x=1, 2, 3, 5 and y=1–3, form a high-affinity binding site for benzodiazepines (Figure 1A), for the later developed Z-drugs of different chemotypes, and for a large number of chemically distinct research compounds 17, 18 (Box 1 for examples). For
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Introduction Cytochrome P CYP aromatase catalyzes the conver
2023-05-29
Introduction Cytochrome P450 19 (CYP19; aromatase) catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens in a three-reaction sequence, where each step depends on NADPH and O2 [[1], [2], [3]]. The first two steps are accepted to be hydroxylations of the steroid C19 methyl group, whereas the final step
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The excellent safety profile of solanezumab and encouraging
2023-05-26
The excellent safety profile of solanezumab and encouraging trends in the exploratory analyses in mild AD led to its inclusion in two secondary prevention trials, which are continuing in the hope that earlier intervention may yield more substantial benefit. The A4 study (NCT02008357) started in Febr
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Dose Response Studies Against Puromycin Sensitive Aminopepti
2023-05-26
Dose–Response Studies Against Puromycin–Sensitive Aminopeptidase (PSA). PSA is a ubiquitous metallopeptidase encoded by the NPEPPS gene with subcellular distribution in the cytosol and nucleus [49]. Comprising of a 919 amino IL-10, human recombinant protein sequence, it has a broad substrate specif
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Curcumin is able to upregulate the
2023-05-26
Curcumin is able to upregulate the protein level of NGF through cannabinoid receptor CB1, where the activation of Akt pathway probably plays an important part in the CB1-mediated signal transmission [9,10]. This finding suggested that the protection of curcumin in spinal motor neurons of SNI rats is
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br Mechanisms for regulation of intracellular
2023-05-26
Mechanisms for regulation of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis Cells maintain intracellular free cholesterol levels and distribution within stringent tolerances by several mechanisms [55]: (1) uptake of native LDL (the major extracellular carrier of cholesterol) by LDL receptors and modified
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In the presence of detrimental conditions
2023-05-26
In the presence of detrimental conditions, such as inflammation, hypoxia, ischemia trauma or neoplastic milieu, the extracellular levels of adenosine increase massively, reaching micromolar range [51,52]. In these pathological contexts, adenosine accumulation stems from increased extracellular depho
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Actin is capable of polymerizing spontaneously However this
2023-05-26
Actin is capable of polymerizing spontaneously. However, this process is relatively slow and kinetically unfavorable in cells. Formation of azilsartan medoxomil dimers and trimers, which can easily disassemble due to their instability, is a rate-determining step in actin polymerization [5], [6]. Th
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