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DAergic as well as GABAergic
2023-08-15
DAergic, as well as GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, send projections to target forebrain structures, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and support diverse functional roles (Carr and Sesack, 2000a, Carr and Sesack, 2000b, Omelchenko and Sesack, 2009, Taylor
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br Adiponectin in prostate cancer PC was documented as the
2023-08-15
Adiponectin in prostate cancer PC was documented as the leading type of malignancy in males in the US with respect to both the estimated number of cases (22,800) and deaths (27,540) (Siegel et al., 2016). Studies have reported an association between low APN levels and the progression of PC (Micha
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br Adenosine receptors and innate immunity Monocytes and mac
2023-08-15
Adenosine receptors and innate immunity Monocytes and macrophages. All four adenosine receptor subtypes are expressed on monocytes and macrophages, and their levels and function undergo significant changes during the maturation of macrophages from monocytes. Indeed, quiescent monocytes are charac
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br Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish and frogs br New
2023-08-15
Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish and frogs New perspectives and next directions Similar to other androgens, DHT can modulate reproductive endpoints in both fish and amphibians. However, predicting the effects of DHT can be challenging, as reproductive homeostasis is dependent upon the balance
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In conclusion we have produced some highly
2023-08-15
In conclusion, we have produced some highly potent inhibitors of P450 in comparison to the standard Caffeine KTZ. Also, due to the limited specificity of these compounds against lyase in comparison to the 17α-OHase component, these compounds would be expected to have a major impact on corticosteroi
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These results must also be addressed in light of porcine
2023-08-14
These results must also be addressed in light of porcine AMPKγ3R200Q (RN−) mutation. Pigs harboring this mutation produce meat with an abnormally low ultimate pH (pHEHT 1864 meat (Copenhafer et al., 2006, Lundström et al., 1998, Milan et al., 2000). This extremely low pH is very close to the isoele
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The LO has so far only been
2023-08-14
The 15-LO-1 has so far only been found in humans and rabbit reticulocytes [3], [20] and the rabbit 15-LO-1 protein demonstrate 81% identity to the human 15-LO-1. However, rabbit monocytes express an enzyme with mainly 12-LO activity [20], [21]. The high degree of sequence conservation between these
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Recently competitive inhibitors of arginase have been
2023-08-14
Recently, competitive inhibitors of arginase have been developed which have greater specificity for the enzyme. Initial development of these compounds involved determination of the crystal structure of arginase. Christianson and colleagues found that a binuclear manganese cluster was required for ca
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The enzyme Arginase ARG plays
2023-08-14
The enzyme Arginase 1 (ARG1) plays a role in the hepatic urea cycle by hydrolyzing L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea [13]. In the context of macrophages and MDSCs, ARG1 expression redirects L-arginine metabolism to abolish cytotoxic nitric oxide production [14], suppress T-cell function [15], [16],
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Among steroid saponins ginsenosides are
2023-08-14
Among steroid saponins, ginsenosides are the active components of ginseng, a well-known chinese medicinal plant. More than hundreds of different ginsenosides have been isolated from ginseng and have shown in the past to be membrane active substances and to influence the membrane by modulating lipid
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Our previous studies and others have identified
2023-08-14
Our previous studies and others have identified that the inhalational anesthetic isoflurane induces neuronal apoptosis via [Ca2+]i overload through the opening of synaptic voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) and the excessive Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (Zhao et al., 2011; Zha
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Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC is
2023-08-14
Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most difficult cancers to treat, and it threatens human health severely [1]. Although various interventions, including surgical operation, radiofrequency ablation, and chemotherapy, have been endorsed, the prognosis of HCC patients remains p
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br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgment The authors gratef
2023-08-14
Conflict of interest Acknowledgment The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (81070220 and 81170278), and the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Human Provi
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endothelin receptor br Conclusion br References and recommen
2023-08-14
Conclusion References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Acknowledgements Introduction Nucleosome, the basic chromatin unit, is composed of DNA and core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) and organized into
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Among all the polysaccharide derivatives cationic carbohydra
2023-08-14
Among all the polysaccharide derivatives, cationic carbohydrate polymers such as quaternary ammonium salts and quaternary phosphonium salts have been the most popular and most efficient target Aminoallyl-dCTP - Cy3 in medical applications [24] and water treatment [25]. Recently, quaternary phosphon
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